DIABETES TYPE 2 - A REFRESHER
I thought it worth a quick overview and refresher on type 2 diabetes, you may have just been diagnosed and wonder about it, or a friend or co-worker may have just told you that he/she has it.
Diabetes is a CHRONIC disease, which basically means long lasting. It has NO CURE, treatment is mostly to mitigate the side effects which most likely would lead to premature death if untreated. Diabetes is typified by a metabolism that is awry and also abnormally high blood sugar levels. It is caused by too low levels of insulin in the body. In Type 1 diabetes the pancreas stops producing insulin, in Type 2, the body becomes resistant to insulin and the pancreas simply cannot produce enough insulin.
Main symptoms are high blood sugar levels which cause increased urinating and blurred vision, dehydration caused by increased urinating leading to an abnormally high thirst, tiredeness or lethargy and an unexplained weight loss.
Diabetes Type 2 can go on to cause many ACUTE complications such as a doubled risk of heart and other cardio vascular problems, hyperglaecaemia, renal failure, optical (esp retina) damage, nerve damage.
CardioVascular problems affect the arteries and veins, and as this system is the most important 'bit' of our system that keeps us alive, any risk to it needs avoiding. Untreated Diabetes Type 2 is a very large contributor to CV problems. CV problems can lead to death. It is vital to keep blood pressure down ( I am advised 130/70 is my target, scarily I did get to 200/100 when my diabetes first struck), keep cholesterol levels down ( I am advised to get mine down below 4, it was well over 7 when diagnosed, had previously been as high as 11), and even more importantly, do not smoke. (I Don't, so didn't need to give up).
Hyperglaecaemia or a HPYER (not to be confused with HYPO which is a predominantly Type 1 issue), is also known in America as HONK (hyperosmotic non-ketotic acidosis (HONK)), typically requires the blood sugar to be over 33mmol/l (mine was at 27 when I was diagnosed). As I understand it you get into a cycle of increased urination which causes increased dehydration and (strangeley) increased urination ..... Leads to Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, Thrombosis, Motor Impairment, Focal Seizure, can lead to death.
Renal failure or Chronic Kidney Disease caused by untreated Diabetes Type 2 causes a loss of kidney function (Dialysis for the rest of your life) and development of cardiovascular disease which we have already seen can lead to death. It is important to reduce alcohol levels (if you drink a lot), and also not to drink too much water (which can bring its own complications)
Retinal damage ( AKA Diabetic Retinopathy) is caused by the growth of poor quality blood vessels in the eye and can lead to blindness.
Nerve damage (AKA Diabetic neuropathy) can lead to severe complications starting at limb extremities. Healing time can be poor, and simple cuts or small wounds may be become infected, leading to gangrene and amputation. Loss of sensation or tingling (pins and needles) can be an early symptom.
I AM NOT A MEDICAL PRACTITIONER, so if you suspect that you are diabetic, or have any of these symptoms, then for goodness sake, go and see a doctor and get proper treatment.
My boss when I told him that I had diabetes, said "oh thats easy, just ease up on the sugar" I think that was an "Ignorant and foolish comment from someone who should think before commenting" (That is the polite publishable comment, at the time I just thought 'stupid p**t'.
At the moment, it cannot be cured, you cannot just get a Pancreas transplant, because it is often not that you are not producing insulin, but rather have become resistive to it. The Pancreas might be the only bit that doesn't need changing. I did read an article ( I forget where) that suggested that the problem may be in part of the small intestine which may be producing an unknown hormone that counters the effects of insulin. This is as a result, I believe, of gastric bypass ops in morbidly obese people, over 50% of which go on to no longer have diabetes. As far as I know there has been no clinical study that has lead to a definitive statement that leads to a cure for Type 2 Diabetes.
THE MOST IMPORTANT THING is that if you get it under control, and that has to be with the aid of a practising doctor, the complications lessen and the risks become manageable. You still need to be careful of course, see an opthalmist and podiatrist regularly for checkups (apparantly the feet and eyes are the furthest reaches of the CV system and the first to show symtoms). You need to get your meds right - too much diabetic medicine can cause a HYPO (two little glucose) and coma, too little can cause a HYPER (see above).
When you are diagnosed you may be put on STATINS and ASPIRIN straight away, Statins will help reduce cholesterol and low dose (typ 75mg) of Aspirin to reduce the risk of developing blood clots. Depending on other factors, you may be advised on diet and exercise, and you may be given medication, such as METFORMIN to control your diabetes.
YOU CAN LIVE WITH DIABETES, IT IS NOT A DEATH SENTENCE. (Did you know that being born is the only actually guaranteed death sentence?). You must take control of it and not let it control you.
I have been interviewed at Dipex and you can see my thoughts in full there. (LINKed on this page). Your doctor must be your first point of call, but I am happy to discuss further with you, or your loved ones, co-workers etc if you want, just contact me. Hopefully you know a bit more about diabetes, and hopefully you will also have searched online for more info on diabetes. For me the biggest gripe is that most people still think of it as a fat persons disease. True fat people get it, but i'm not fat and I got it. There is more to diabetes than just overeating! There can be so much more to life if you don't give in to diabetes.
Saturday
Well now, sometimes things seem so obvious that they don't get told, and then when they are reported as news it seems like 'non news. The BBC have a report on their site (CLICK HERE) about the MED Diet and how it may help prevent type two diabetes. Now I know that the testing was not really a map onto real diabetic age groups, but, has no-one read the report that I read about a year ago about how much lower the incidences of type 2 are in some areas of the med? I wish I could find the original report. It didn't really help me, I am not fat, have a lot of fruit and olive oil in my diet yet I am still Type 2. But then those of us that are the exceptions probably prove the rule.
I have been lined up for an interview with a reporter from the beeb because of my 'Its not just a fat persons disease' stance, so I will hopefully be able to balance the views a little.
Another of the so obvious it didn't need saying until someone said it was on another report I saw at the BBC website (CLICK HERE) As we get older we need more care, especially us diabetics, and we are not, aparantly, getting the right care. It seems that we get more frail as we get older (der!) and perhaps diabetes causes an increased fraility. Hello, it's a chronic condition, just ask a diabetic how they feel. I recall that when the diabetes came on, I have never felt so ill and so old. In fact, looking back, the clues were there. In the 12 months prior to it 'coming out', I was beginning to really 'feel my age'. Now that I am stabilised and living with 20 odd tablets a day, I actually feel like I did 10 years ago, so that 'feeling your age' thing is a load of old tosh.
AND FINALLY, well I guess that I am better off having changed from the aspartme laden diet colas to the Sainsbury's cola which doesn't use aspartme, but my urine is a lovely shade of burnt umber now!
I have been lined up for an interview with a reporter from the beeb because of my 'Its not just a fat persons disease' stance, so I will hopefully be able to balance the views a little.
Another of the so obvious it didn't need saying until someone said it was on another report I saw at the BBC website (CLICK HERE) As we get older we need more care, especially us diabetics, and we are not, aparantly, getting the right care. It seems that we get more frail as we get older (der!) and perhaps diabetes causes an increased fraility. Hello, it's a chronic condition, just ask a diabetic how they feel. I recall that when the diabetes came on, I have never felt so ill and so old. In fact, looking back, the clues were there. In the 12 months prior to it 'coming out', I was beginning to really 'feel my age'. Now that I am stabilised and living with 20 odd tablets a day, I actually feel like I did 10 years ago, so that 'feeling your age' thing is a load of old tosh.
AND FINALLY, well I guess that I am better off having changed from the aspartme laden diet colas to the Sainsbury's cola which doesn't use aspartme, but my urine is a lovely shade of burnt umber now!
Wednesday
Well, GOOD NEWS abounds.
Hannah as finished her exams and uni is now over for a few months, unless she decides to go on and do her BSc. Relief all round, an end to studying and all she has to look forward to now is the all night end of year Ball.
As for me? Well I have been offered, and have accepted, a position leading a team of Material Controllers for a well known and respected International Company. A few things to sort and I start in a week. Whilst I will not mention the name of the company I am going to work for (it is not the right thing to do, I believe), I can mention that I was interviewed for the position through a recruitment agency in Gloucester, Adecco, so thanks (to Rebecca and Louise) for their help.
It'll be good getting back to work after my mini retirement.
Hannah as finished her exams and uni is now over for a few months, unless she decides to go on and do her BSc. Relief all round, an end to studying and all she has to look forward to now is the all night end of year Ball.
As for me? Well I have been offered, and have accepted, a position leading a team of Material Controllers for a well known and respected International Company. A few things to sort and I start in a week. Whilst I will not mention the name of the company I am going to work for (it is not the right thing to do, I believe), I can mention that I was interviewed for the position through a recruitment agency in Gloucester, Adecco, so thanks (to Rebecca and Louise) for their help.
It'll be good getting back to work after my mini retirement.
Tuesday
Ebay Trading Assistant - Gloucestershire
|
Monday
Hannah's dad is on the mend, out and now at home, that is really good. One thing that I thought I would share, mostly because it is a bloody good idea that I hadn't thought of. He has to go for a walk each day as part of his recovery programme. 'So what?' you might think, well, the great idea is, if it is raining, drive to a supermarket, DIY store or what ever, and walk around in that. You'll be in the warm and dry and they are pretty huge, so there should be enough walking for anyone. That, I thought, is a cracking idea, leave your wallet at home so you don't get tempted into impulse buys, but you can learn where everything is in your favourite supermarket / store - and then when you need it in a hurry you can go straight to it.
If the security guys start to hassle you, you can give them a good medical reason to be there.
Ebay - the bane of our lives. How often have you put a highish amount in, more than you really want to pay to make sure, really sure, that you win something, only to be outbid by someone in the last seconds? Did you know that as soon as you put a bid on something, you show interest, and that interests someone else, and they may bid. My tip. Don't bid. You can still win! What you need to do is snipe. If you don't know what sniping is, it is putting in a bid at the last second, high enough, you hope, to win. And you can try doing it yourself, and you will have a measure of success, but why do that when you can get a computer to do it for you? There is a great FREE sniping service that I use with great success at Gixen they explain it far better than me. But now, I don't bid on much, I just see what I am interested in, enter the details into Gixen and let gixen bid up to what I am prepared to spend with a few seconds to go. I now win more, at lower prices than before. Great.
Just don't use it on my auction sales!!!
If the security guys start to hassle you, you can give them a good medical reason to be there.
Ebay - the bane of our lives. How often have you put a highish amount in, more than you really want to pay to make sure, really sure, that you win something, only to be outbid by someone in the last seconds? Did you know that as soon as you put a bid on something, you show interest, and that interests someone else, and they may bid. My tip. Don't bid. You can still win! What you need to do is snipe. If you don't know what sniping is, it is putting in a bid at the last second, high enough, you hope, to win. And you can try doing it yourself, and you will have a measure of success, but why do that when you can get a computer to do it for you? There is a great FREE sniping service that I use with great success at Gixen they explain it far better than me. But now, I don't bid on much, I just see what I am interested in, enter the details into Gixen and let gixen bid up to what I am prepared to spend with a few seconds to go. I now win more, at lower prices than before. Great.
Just don't use it on my auction sales!!!
Tuesday
My step daughter, Hannah, had some bad news today, her dad suffered a heart attack last night. Our thoughts are with him as he recovers in hospital, and we all hope that all goes well for him.
I have just posted a complete set of commonwealth victory stamps to ebay. They are beautiful stamps and really show the breadth and reach of the British Empire, just a few short years ago.
omplete collection of mint 1946 Victory stamps mounted on album pages with hinges
I came across the stamps when I bought a larger collection. They are not part of my collecting focus, and apart from a quick cursory glance, I have put them straight up for auction. They owe me quite a bit, but I have started them as a low price and the market will determine their worth.
There are stamps representing the following countries, all LM mint
Great Britain (plus two fine used)
Aden 2 stamps
Kathiri State 2 stamps
Shir State 2 stamps
Antigua 2 stamps
Ascension 2 stamps
Australia 3 stamps
Bahamas 2 stamps
Barbados 2 stamps
Basutoland 6 stamps
Bechuanaland 6 stamps
Bermuda 2 stamps
British Guinea 2 stamps
British Honduras 2 stamps
British Virgin Islands 2 stamps
Burma 4 stamps
Cayman Islands 2 stamps
Ceylon 2 stamps
Cook Islands 4 stamps
Cyprus 2 stamps
Dominica 2 stamps
Falkland Islands 2 stamps
Falkland Dependencies 2 stamps
Fiji 2 stamps
Gambia 2 stamps
Gibraltar 2 stamps
Gilbert & Ellice Islands 2 stamps
Gold Coast 2 stamps
Grenada 2 stamps
Hong Kong 2 stamps
India 4 stam[s
Hyderabad 1 stamp
Jamaica 2 stamps
Kenya 2 stamps
Leeward Islands 2 stamps
Malta 2 stamps
Mauritius 2 stamps
Montserrat 2 stamps
Morocco Agencies 2 stamps
Nigeria 2 stamps
Niue 4 stamps
New Zealand 11 stamps
Northern Rhodesia 2 stamps
Nyasaland 2 stamps
Pakistan 1 stamp
Oitcairn Island 2 stamps
St Helena 2 stamps
ST Kitts 2 stamps
St Lucia 2 stamps
St Vincent 2 stamps
Samoa 4 stamps
Seychelles 2 stamps
Sierra Leonne 2 stamps
Solomon Islands 2 stamps
Somaliland 2 stamps
South Africa 6 stamps
South West Africa 5 stamps
Swaziland 6 stamps
Southern Rhodesia 4 stamps
Trinidad 2 stamps
Turks & Caicos 2 stamps
Zanzibar 2 stamps
The album pages are in as new condition, a cursory examination shows the stamps seem to be in good condition too, but all are mounted using hinges.
There is no album cover to contain the pages.
you can find these stamps and others here
Good luck
I have just posted a complete set of commonwealth victory stamps to ebay. They are beautiful stamps and really show the breadth and reach of the British Empire, just a few short years ago.
omplete collection of mint 1946 Victory stamps mounted on album pages with hinges
I came across the stamps when I bought a larger collection. They are not part of my collecting focus, and apart from a quick cursory glance, I have put them straight up for auction. They owe me quite a bit, but I have started them as a low price and the market will determine their worth.
There are stamps representing the following countries, all LM mint
Great Britain (plus two fine used)
Aden 2 stamps
Kathiri State 2 stamps
Shir State 2 stamps
Antigua 2 stamps
Ascension 2 stamps
Australia 3 stamps
Bahamas 2 stamps
Barbados 2 stamps
Basutoland 6 stamps
Bechuanaland 6 stamps
Bermuda 2 stamps
British Guinea 2 stamps
British Honduras 2 stamps
British Virgin Islands 2 stamps
Burma 4 stamps
Cayman Islands 2 stamps
Ceylon 2 stamps
Cook Islands 4 stamps
Cyprus 2 stamps
Dominica 2 stamps
Falkland Islands 2 stamps
Falkland Dependencies 2 stamps
Fiji 2 stamps
Gambia 2 stamps
Gibraltar 2 stamps
Gilbert & Ellice Islands 2 stamps
Gold Coast 2 stamps
Grenada 2 stamps
Hong Kong 2 stamps
India 4 stam[s
Hyderabad 1 stamp
Jamaica 2 stamps
Kenya 2 stamps
Leeward Islands 2 stamps
Malta 2 stamps
Mauritius 2 stamps
Montserrat 2 stamps
Morocco Agencies 2 stamps
Nigeria 2 stamps
Niue 4 stamps
New Zealand 11 stamps
Northern Rhodesia 2 stamps
Nyasaland 2 stamps
Pakistan 1 stamp
Oitcairn Island 2 stamps
St Helena 2 stamps
ST Kitts 2 stamps
St Lucia 2 stamps
St Vincent 2 stamps
Samoa 4 stamps
Seychelles 2 stamps
Sierra Leonne 2 stamps
Solomon Islands 2 stamps
Somaliland 2 stamps
South Africa 6 stamps
South West Africa 5 stamps
Swaziland 6 stamps
Southern Rhodesia 4 stamps
Trinidad 2 stamps
Turks & Caicos 2 stamps
Zanzibar 2 stamps
The album pages are in as new condition, a cursory examination shows the stamps seem to be in good condition too, but all are mounted using hinges.
There is no album cover to contain the pages.
you can find these stamps and others here
Good luck
Saturday
I was walking past the mental hospital this afternoon, and all the patients were shouting, '13....13....13'...The fence was too high for me to see over, but I saw that there was a little gap in the fence and looked through to see what was going on. Some bastard poked me in the eye with a stick.Then they all started shouting '14....14....14'...
Still on the hunt for a safe alternative to sugar I came across STEVIA . Stevia is processed from the “Stevia Rebaudiana” bush.When refined into a white powder extract (stevioside), stevia becomes 200-300 times sweeter than sugar and sweetens without raising blood sugar levels. They say that their version of stevia contains no carbs, calories, artificial ingredients or fillers. They further say that research indicates that both diabetics and persons suffering from hypoglycemia may use stevia. You can buy Stevia on ebay, but lordy is it ever expensive. You cannot source it from the UK as the EU has, apparently, totally banned it's use.
According to Nancy Appleton, Ph.D Author of the book Lick The Sugar Habit, the following are the dangers of sugar:
1. Decrease in sugar intake can increase emotional stability.96
2. Diets high in sugar will increase free radicals and oxidative stress.89
3. High sucrose diets of subjects with peripheral vascular disease significantly increases platelet adhesion.90
4. High sugar consumption of pregnant adolescents can lead to substantial decrease in gestation duration and is associated with a twofold increased risk for delivering a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant.91,92
5. High sugar intake can cause epileptic seizures.105
6. High sugar intake can impair the physiological homeostasis of many systems in your body.65
7. High sugar intake increases advanced glycation end products (AGEs)(Sugar molecules attaching to and thereby damaging proteins in the body).51
8. I.V.s (intravenous feedings) of sugar water can cut off oxygen to your brain.103
9. In intensive care units: Limiting sugar saves lives.107
10. In juvenile rehabilitation camps, when children were put on a low sugar diet, there was a 44 percent drop in antisocial behavior.109
11. Sugar adversely affects urinary electrolyte composition.100
12. Sugar can be intoxicating, similar to alcohol.94
13. Sugar can cause a decrease in your insulin sensitivity thereby causing an abnormally high insulin levels and eventually diabetes.45,46,47
14. Sugar can cause an increase in delta, alpha, and theta brain waves which can alter your mind's ability to think clearly.80
15. Sugar can cause appendicitis.40
16. Sugar can cause atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.56,57
17. Sugar can cause autoimmune diseases such as: arthritis, asthma, multiple sclerosis.35,36,37
18. Sugar can cause can cause a rapid rise of adrenaline, hyperactivity, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and crankiness in children.7,8
19. Sugar can cause cataracts and nearsightedness.62,63
20. Sugar can cause depression.81
21. Sugar can cause drowsiness and decreased activity in children.50
22. Sugar can cause emphysema.64
23. Sugar can cause gallstones.39
24. Sugar can cause gum disease.111
25. Sugar can cause headaches, including migraines.77
26. Sugar can cause hemorrhoids.41
27. Sugar can cause hormonal imbalances such as: increasing estrogen in men, exacerbating PMS, and decreasing growth hormone.84,85,86,87
28. Sugar can cause many problems with the gastrointestinal tract including: an acidic digestive tract, indigestion, malabsorption in patients with functional bowel disease, increased risk of Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.24,25,26,27,28
29. Sugar can cause premature aging.29
30. Sugar can cause toxemia during pregnancy.54
31. Sugar can cause varicose veins.42
32. Sugar can cause your saliva to become acidic, tooth decay, and periodontal disease.31,32,33
33. Sugar can change the structure of protein and cause a permanent alteration of the way the proteins act in your body.59,60
34. Sugar can compromise the lining of your capillaries.75
35. Sugar can contribute to eczema in children.55
36. Sugar can contribute to osteoporosis.44
37. Sugar can damage your pancreas.72
38. Sugar can elevate glucose and insulin responses in oral contraceptive users.43
39. Sugar can impair the structure of your DNA.58
40. Sugar can increase fasting levels of glucose and can cause reactive hypoglycemia.21,22
41. Sugar can increase kidney size and produce pathological changes in the kidney such as the formation of kidney stones.70,71
42. Sugar can increase the size of your liver by making your liver cells divide and it can increase the amount of liver fat.68,69
43. Sugar can increase your body's fluid retention.73
44. Sugar can increase your risk of Alzheimer's disease.83
45. Sugar can increase your risk of gout.82
46. Sugar can increase your systolic blood pressure.49
47. Sugar can interfere with your absorption of protein.52
48. Sugar can lead to alcoholism.30
49. Sugar can lead to dizziness.88
50. Sugar can lower your Vitamin E levels.48
51. Sugar can make your skin age by changing the structure of collagen.61
52. Sugar can make your tendons more brittle.76
53. Sugar can produce a significant rise in total cholesterol, triglycerides and bad cholesterol and a decrease in good cholesterol.9,10,11,12
54. Sugar can reduce the learning capacity, adversely affect school children's grades and cause learning disorders.78,79
55. Sugar can slow down the ability of your adrenal glands to function.101
56. Sugar can suppress your immune system and impair your defenses against infectious disease.1,2
57. Sugar can weaken eyesight.23
58. Sugar can worsen the symptoms of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).99
59. Sugar causes a loss of tissue elasticity and function.13
60. Sugar causes food allergies.53
61. Sugar causes high blood pressure in obese people.106
62. Sugar contributes to obesity.34
63. Sugar dehydrates newborns.110
64. Sugar feeds cancer cells and has been connected with the development of cancer of the breast, ovaries, prostate, rectum, pancreas, biliary tract, lung, gallbladder and stomach.14,15,16,17,18,19,20
65. Sugar given to premature babies can affect the amount of carbon dioxide they produce.95
66. Sugar greatly assists the uncontrolled growth of Candida Albicans (yeast infections)38
67. Sugar has the potential of inducing abnormal metabolic processes in a normal healthy individual and to promote chronic degenerative diseases.102
68. Sugar increases your risk of polio.104
69. Sugar intake is higher in people with Parkinson's disease.67
70. Sugar is an addictive substance.93
71. Sugar is enemy #1 of your bowel movement.74
72. Sugar lowers the ability of enzymes to function.66
73. Sugar may induce cell death.108
74. Sugar upsets the mineral relationships in your body: causes chromium and copper deficiencies and interferes with absorption of calcium and magnesium. 3,4,5,6
75. The rapid absorption of sugar promotes excessive food intake in obese subjects.98
76. Your body changes sugar into 2 to 5 times more fat in the bloodstream than it does starch.97
References
1. Sanchez, A., et al. Role of Sugars in Human Neutrophilic Phagocytosis, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Nov 1973;261:1180_1184. Bernstein, J., al. Depression of Lymphocyte Transformation Following Oral Glucose Ingestion. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.1997;30:613
2. Ringsdorf, W., Cheraskin, E. and Ramsay R. Sucrose, Neutrophilic Phagocytosis and Resistance to Disease, Dental Survey. 1976;52(12):46_48.
3. Couzy, F., et al. "Nutritional Implications of the Interaction Minerals," Progressive Food and Nutrition Science 17;1933:65-87
4. Kozlovsky, A., et al. Effects of Diets High in Simple Sugars on Urinary Chromium Losses. Metabolism. June 1986;35:515_518.
5. Fields, M.., et al. Effect of Copper Deficiency on Metabolism and Mortality in Rats Fed Sucrose or Starch Diets, Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1983;113:1335_1345.
6. Lemann, J. Evidence that Glucose Ingestion Inhibits Net Renal Tubular Reabsorption of Calcium and Magnesium. Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1976 ;70:236_245.
7. Goldman, J., et al. Behavioral Effects of Sucrose on Preschool Children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology.1986;14(4):565_577.
8. Jones, T. W., et al. Enhanced Adrenomedullary Response and Increased Susceptibility to Neuroglygopenia: Mechanisms Underlying the Adverse Effect of Sugar Ingestion in Children. Journal of Pediatrics. Feb 1995;126:171-7.
9. Scanto, S. and Yudkin, J. The Effect of Dietary Sucrose on Blood Lipids, Serum Insulin, Platelet Adhesiveness and Body Weight in Human Volunteers, Postgraduate Medicine Journal. 1969;45:602_607.
10. Albrink, M. and Ullrich I. H. Interaction of Dietary Sucrose and Fiber on Serum Lipids in Healthy Young Men Fed High Carbohydrate Diets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1986;43:419-428. Pamplona, R., et al. Mechanisms of Glycation in Atherogenesis. Med Hypotheses. Mar 1993;40(3):174-81.
11. Reiser, S. Effects of Dietary Sugars on Metabolic Risk Factors Associated with Heart Disease. Nutritional Health. 1985;203_216.
12. Lewis, G. F. and Steiner, G. Acute Effects of Insulin in the Control of Vldl Production in Humans. Implications for The insulin-resistant State. Diabetes Care. 1996 Apr;19(4):390-3 R. Pamplona, M. .J., et al. Mechanisms of Glycation in Atherogenesis. Medical Hypotheses. 1990;40:174-181.
13. Cerami, A., Vlassara, H., and Brownlee, M. "Glucose and Aging." Scientific American. May 1987:90. Lee, A. T. and Cerami, A. The Role of Glycation in Aging. Annals of the New York Academy of Science; 663:63-67.
14. Takahashi, E., Tohoku University School of Medicine, Wholistic Health Digest. October 1982:41:00
15. Quillin, Patrick, Cancer's Sweet Tooth, Nutrition Science News. Ap 2000 Rothkopf, M.. Nutrition. July/Aug 1990;6(4).
16. Michaud, D. Dietary Sugar, Glycemic Load, and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in a Prospective Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. Sep 4, 2002 ;94(17):1293-300.
17. Moerman, C. J., et al. Dietary Sugar Intake in the Etiology of Biliary Tract Cancer. International Journal of Epidemiology. Ap 1993.2(2):207-214.
18. The Edell Health Letter. Sept 1991;7:1.
19. De Stefani, E."Dietary Sugar and Lung Cancer: a Case control Study in Uruguay." Nutrition and Cancer. 1998;31(2):132_7.
20. Cornee, J., et al. A Case-control Study of Gastric Cancer and Nutritional Factors in Marseille, France. European Journal of Epidemiology 11 (1995):55-65.
21. Kelsay, J., et al. Diets High in Glucose or Sucrose and Young Women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1974;27:926_936. Thomas, B. J., et al. Relation of Habitual Diet to Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentration and the Insulin Response to Oral Glucose, Human Nutrition Clinical Nutrition. 1983; 36C(1):49_51.
22. Dufty, William. Sugar Blues. (New York:Warner Books, 1975).
23. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Mar 2002;48;25. Taub, H. Ed. Sugar Weakens Eyesight, VM NEWSLETTER;May 1986:06:00
24. Dufty.
25. Yudkin, J. Sweet and Dangerous.(New York:Bantam Books,1974) 129
26. Cornee, J., et al. A Case-control Study of Gastric Cancer and Nutritional Factors in Marseille, France, European Journal of Epidemiology. 1995;11
27. Persson P. G., Ahlbom, A., and Hellers, G. Epidemiology. 1992;3:47-52.
28. Jones, T. W., et al. Enhanced Adrenomedullary Response and Increased Susceptibility to Neuroglygopenia: Mechanisms Underlying the Adverse Effect of Sugar Ingestion in Children. Journal of Pediatrics. Feb 1995;126:171-7.
29. Lee, A. T.and Cerami A. The Role of Glycation in Aging. Annals of the New York Academy of Science.1992;663:63-70.
30. Abrahamson, E. and Peget, A. Body, Mind and Sugar. (New York: Avon, 1977.}
31. Glinsmann, W., Irausquin, H., and Youngmee, K. Evaluation of Health Aspects of Sugar Contained in Carbohydrate Sweeteners. F. D. A. Report of Sugars Task Force. 1986:39:00 Makinen K.K.,et al. A Descriptive Report of the Effects of a 16_month Xylitol Chewing_gum Programme Subsequent to a 40_month Sucrose Gum Programme. Caries Research. 1998; 32(2)107_12.
32. Glinsmann, W., Irausquin, H., and K. Youngmee. Evaluation of Health Aspects of Sugar Contained in Carbohydrate Sweeteners. F. D. A. Report of Sugars Task Force.1986;39:36_38.
33. Appleton, N. New York: Healthy Bones. Avery Penguin Putnam:1989.
34. Keen, H., et al. Nutrient Intake, Adiposity, and Diabetes. British Medical Journal. 1989; 1:00 655_658
35. Darlington, L., Ramsey, N. W. and Mansfield, J. R. Placebo Controlled, Blind Study of Dietary Manipulation Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lancet. Feb 1986;8475(1):236_238.
36. Powers, L. Sensitivity: You React to What You Eat. Los Angeles Times. (Feb. 12, 1985). Cheng, J., et al. Preliminary Clinical Study on the Correlation Between Allergic Rhinitis and Food Factors. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi Aug 2002;16(8):393-396.
37. Erlander, S. The Cause and Cure of Multiple Sclerosis, The Disease to End Disease." Mar 3, 1979;1(3):59_63.
38. Crook, W. J. The Yeast Connection. (TN:Professional Books, 1984).
39. Heaton, K. The Sweet Road to Gallstones. British Medical Journal. Apr 14, 1984; 288:00:00 1103_1104. Misciagna, G., et al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1999;69:120-126.
40. Cleave, T. The Saccharine Disease. (New Canaan, CT: Keats Publishing, 1974).
41. Ibid.
42. Cleave, T. and Campbell, G. (Bristol, England:Diabetes, Coronary Thrombosis and the Saccharine Disease: John Wright and Sons, 1960).
43. Behall, K. Influ ence of Estrogen Content of Oral Contraceptives and Consumption of Sucrose on Blood Parameters. Disease Abstracts International. 1982;431437.
44. Tjäderhane, L. and Larmas, M. A High Sucrose Diet Decreases the Mechanical Strength of Bones in Growing Rats. Journal of Nutrition. 1998:128:1807_1810.
45. Beck, Nielsen H., Pedersen O., and Schwartz S. Effects of Diet on the Cellular Insulin Binding and the Insulin Sensitivity in Young Healthy Subjects. Diabetes. 1978;15:289_296 .
46. Sucrose Induces Diabetes in Cat. Federal Protocol. 1974;6(97). diabetes
47. Reiser, S., et al. Effects of Sugars on Indices on Glucose Tolerance in Humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1986;43:151-159.
48. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Aug 2000
49. Hodges, R., and Rebello, T. Carbohydrates and Blood Pressure. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1983:98:838_841.
50. Behar, D., et al. Sugar Challenge Testing with Children Considered Behaviorally Sugar Reactive. Nutritional Behavior. 1984;1:277_288.
51. Furth, A. and Harding, J. Why Sugar Is Bad For You. New Scientist. Sep 23, 1989;44.
52. Simmons, J. Is The Sand of Time Sugar? LONGEVITY. June 1990:00:00 49_53.
53. Appleton, N. New York: LICK THE SUGAR HABIT. Avery Penguin Putnam:1988. allergies
54. Cleave, T. The Saccharine Disease: (New Canaan Ct: Keats Publishing, Inc., 1974).131.
55. Ibid. 132
56. Pamplona, R., et al. Mechanisms of Glycation in Atherogenesis. Medical Hypotheses . 1990:00:00 174_181.
57. Vaccaro O., Ruth, K. J. and Stamler J. Relationship of Postload Plasma Glucose to Mortality with 19 yr Follow up. Diabetes Care. Oct 15,1992;10:328_334. Tominaga, M., et al, Impaired Glucose Tolerance Is a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease, but Not Fasting Glucose. Diabetes Care. 1999:2(6):920-924.
58. Lee, A. T. and Cerami, A. Modifications of Proteins and Nucleic Acids by Reducing Sugars: Possible Role in Aging. Handbook of the Biology of Aging. (New York: Academic Press, 1990.).
59. Monnier, V. M. Nonenzymatic Glycosylation, the Maillard Reaction and the Aging Process. Journal of Gerontology 1990:45(4):105_110.
60. Cerami, A., Vlassara, H., and Brownlee, M. Glucose and Aging. Scientific American. May 1987:00:00 90
61. Dyer, D. G., et al. Accumulation of Maillard Reaction Products in Skin Collagen in Diabetes and Aging. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1993:93(6):421_22.
62. Veromann, S.et al."Dietary Sugar and Salt Represent Real Risk Factors for Cataract Development." Ophthalmologica. 2003 Jul-Aug;217(4):302-307.
63. Goulart, F. S. Are You Sugar Smart? American Fitness. March_April 1991:00:00 34_38. Milwakuee, WI
64. Monnier, V. M. Nonenzymatic Glycosylation, the Maillard Reaction and the Aging Process. Journal of Gerontology. 1990:45(4):105_110.
65. Ceriello, A. Oxidative Stress and Glycemic Regulation. Metabolism. Feb 2000;49(2 Suppl 1):27-29.
66. Appleton, Nancy. New York; Lick the Sugar Habit. Avery Penguin Putnam, 1988 enzymes
67. Hellenbrand, W. Diet and Parkinson's Disease. A Possible Role for the Past Intake of Specific Nutrients. Results from a Self-administered Food-frequency Questionnaire in a Case-control Study. Neurology. Sep 1996;47(3):644-650.
68. Goulart, F. S. Are You Sugar Smart? American Fitness. March_April 1991:00:00 34_38.
69. Ibid.
70. Yudkin, J., Kang, S. and Bruckdorfer, K. Effects of High Dietary Sugar. British Journal of Medicine. Nov 22, 1980;1396.
71. Blacklock, N. J., Sucrose and Idiopathic Renal Stone. Nutrition and Health. 1987;5(1-2):9- Curhan, G., et al. Beverage Use and Risk for Kidney Stones in Women. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1998:28:534-340.
72. Goulart, F. S. Are You Sugar Smart? American Fitness. March_April 1991:00:00 34_38. Milwakuee, WI,:
73. Ibid. fluid retention
74. Ibid. bowel movement
75. Ibid. compromise the lining of the capillaries
76. Nash, J. Health Contenders. Essence. Jan 1992; 23:00 79_81.
77. Grand, E. Food Allergies and Migraine.Lancet. 1979:1:955_959.
78. Schauss, A. Diet, Crime and Delinquency. (Berkley Ca; Parker House, 1981.)
79. Molteni, R, et al. A High-fat, Refined Sugar Diet Reduces Hippocampal Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neuronal Plasticity, and Learning. NeuroScience. 2002;112(4):803-814.
80. Christensen, L. The Role of Caffeine and Sugar in Depression. Nutrition Report. Mar 1991;9(3):17-24.
81. Ibid,44
82. Yudkin, J. Sweet and Dangerous.(New York:Bantam Books,1974) 129
83. Frey, J. Is There Sugar in the Alzheimer's Disease? Annales De Biologie Clinique. 2001; 59 (3):253-257.
84. Yudkin, J. Metabolic Changes Induced by Sugar in Relation to Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes. Nutrition and Health. 1987;5(1-2):5-8.
85. Yudkin, J and Eisa, O. Dietary Sucrose and Oestradiol Concentration in Young Men. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 1988:32(2):53-55.
86. The Edell Health Letter. Sept 1991;7:1.
87. Gardner, L. and Reiser, S. Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate on Fasting Levels of Human Growth Hormone and Cortisol. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1982;169:36_40.
88. Journal of Advanced Medicine. 1994;7(1):51-58.
89. Ceriello, A. Oxidative Stress and Glycemic Regulation. Metabolism. Feb 2000;49(2 Suppl 1):27-29.
90. Postgraduate Medicine.Sept 1969:45:602-07.
91. Lenders, C. M. Gestational Age and Infant Size at Birth Are Associated with Dietary Intake among Pregnant Adolescents. Journal of Nutrition. Jun 1997;1113- 1117
92. Ibid.
93. Sugar, White Flour Withdrawal Produces Chemical Response. The Addiction Letter. Jul 1992:04:00 Colantuoni, C., et al. Evidence That Intermittent, Excessive Sugar Intake Causes Endogenous Opioid Dependence. Obes Res. Jun 2002 ;10(6):478-488. Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Society, Toronto, June 17, 2001 www.mercola.com/2001/jun/30/sugar.htm
94. Ibid.
95. Sunehag, A. L., et al. Gluconeogenesis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition Diabetes. 1999 ;48 7991_800.
96. Christensen L., et al. Impact of A Dietary Change on Emotional Distress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology.1985;94(4):565_79.
97. Nutrition Health Review. Fall 85 changes sugar into fat faster than fat
98. Ludwig, D. S., et al. High Glycemic Index Foods, Overeating and Obesity. Pediatrics. March 1999;103(3):26-32.
99. Pediatrics Research. 1995;38(4):539-542. Berdonces, J. L. Attention Deficit and Infantile Hyperactivity. Rev Enferm. Jan 2001;4(1)11-4
100. Blacklock, N. J. Sucrose and Idiopathic Renal Stone. Nutrition Health. 1987;5(1 & 2):9-
101. Lechin, F., et al. Effects of an Oral Glucose Load on Plasma Neurotransmitters in Humans. Neurophychobiology. 1992;26(1-2):4-11.
102. Fields, M. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. Aug 1998;17(4):317_321.
103. Arieff, A. I. Veterans Administration Medical Center in San Francisco. San Jose Mercury; June 12/86. IVs of sugar water can cut off oxygen to the brain.
104. Sandler, Benjamin P. Diet Prevents Polio. Milwakuee, WI,:The Lee Foundation for for Nutritional Research, 1951
105. Murphy, Patricia. The Role of Sugar in Epileptic Seizures. Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients. May, 2001 Murphy Is Editor of Epilepsy Wellness Newsletter, 1462 West 5th Ave., Eugene, Oregon 97402
106. Stern, N. & Tuck, M. Pathogenesis of Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus, a Fundamental and Clinical Test. 2nd Edition, (PhiladelphiA; A:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000)943-957.
107. Christansen, D. Critical Care: Sugar Limit Saves Lives. Science News. June 30, 2001; 159:404.
108. Donnini, D. et al. Glucose May Induce Cell Death through a Free Radical-mediated Mechanism.Biochem Biohhys Res Commun. Feb 15, 1996:219(2):412-417.
109. Schoenthaler, S. The Los Angeles Probation Department Diet-Behavior Program: Am Empirical Analysis of Six Institutional Settings. Int J Biosocial Res 5(2):88-89.
110. Gluconeogenesis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition. Diabetes. 1999 Apr;48(4):791-800.
111. Glinsmann, W., et al. Evaluation of Health Aspects of Sugar Contained in Carbohydrate Sweeteners." FDA Report of Sugars Task Force -1986 39 123 Yudkin, J. and Eisa, O. Dietary Sucrose and Oestradiol Concentration in Young Men. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 1988;32(2):53-5.
In 2006, the World Health Organization (WHO) performed a thorough evaluation of recent experimental studies of stevioside and steviols conducted on animals and humans, and concluded that "stevioside and rebaudioside A are not genotoxic in vitro or in vivo and that the genotoxicity of steviol and some of its oxidative derivatives in vitro is not expressed in vivo." The report also found no evidence of carcinogenic activity. Furthermore, the report noted that "stevioside has shown some evidence of pharmacological effects in patients with hypertension or with type-2 diabetes" but concluded that further study was required to determine proper dosage. You can find the report here.
According to Nancy Appleton, Ph.D Author of the book Lick The Sugar Habit, the following are the dangers of sugar:
1. Decrease in sugar intake can increase emotional stability.96
2. Diets high in sugar will increase free radicals and oxidative stress.89
3. High sucrose diets of subjects with peripheral vascular disease significantly increases platelet adhesion.90
4. High sugar consumption of pregnant adolescents can lead to substantial decrease in gestation duration and is associated with a twofold increased risk for delivering a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant.91,92
5. High sugar intake can cause epileptic seizures.105
6. High sugar intake can impair the physiological homeostasis of many systems in your body.65
7. High sugar intake increases advanced glycation end products (AGEs)(Sugar molecules attaching to and thereby damaging proteins in the body).51
8. I.V.s (intravenous feedings) of sugar water can cut off oxygen to your brain.103
9. In intensive care units: Limiting sugar saves lives.107
10. In juvenile rehabilitation camps, when children were put on a low sugar diet, there was a 44 percent drop in antisocial behavior.109
11. Sugar adversely affects urinary electrolyte composition.100
12. Sugar can be intoxicating, similar to alcohol.94
13. Sugar can cause a decrease in your insulin sensitivity thereby causing an abnormally high insulin levels and eventually diabetes.45,46,47
14. Sugar can cause an increase in delta, alpha, and theta brain waves which can alter your mind's ability to think clearly.80
15. Sugar can cause appendicitis.40
16. Sugar can cause atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.56,57
17. Sugar can cause autoimmune diseases such as: arthritis, asthma, multiple sclerosis.35,36,37
18. Sugar can cause can cause a rapid rise of adrenaline, hyperactivity, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and crankiness in children.7,8
19. Sugar can cause cataracts and nearsightedness.62,63
20. Sugar can cause depression.81
21. Sugar can cause drowsiness and decreased activity in children.50
22. Sugar can cause emphysema.64
23. Sugar can cause gallstones.39
24. Sugar can cause gum disease.111
25. Sugar can cause headaches, including migraines.77
26. Sugar can cause hemorrhoids.41
27. Sugar can cause hormonal imbalances such as: increasing estrogen in men, exacerbating PMS, and decreasing growth hormone.84,85,86,87
28. Sugar can cause many problems with the gastrointestinal tract including: an acidic digestive tract, indigestion, malabsorption in patients with functional bowel disease, increased risk of Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.24,25,26,27,28
29. Sugar can cause premature aging.29
30. Sugar can cause toxemia during pregnancy.54
31. Sugar can cause varicose veins.42
32. Sugar can cause your saliva to become acidic, tooth decay, and periodontal disease.31,32,33
33. Sugar can change the structure of protein and cause a permanent alteration of the way the proteins act in your body.59,60
34. Sugar can compromise the lining of your capillaries.75
35. Sugar can contribute to eczema in children.55
36. Sugar can contribute to osteoporosis.44
37. Sugar can damage your pancreas.72
38. Sugar can elevate glucose and insulin responses in oral contraceptive users.43
39. Sugar can impair the structure of your DNA.58
40. Sugar can increase fasting levels of glucose and can cause reactive hypoglycemia.21,22
41. Sugar can increase kidney size and produce pathological changes in the kidney such as the formation of kidney stones.70,71
42. Sugar can increase the size of your liver by making your liver cells divide and it can increase the amount of liver fat.68,69
43. Sugar can increase your body's fluid retention.73
44. Sugar can increase your risk of Alzheimer's disease.83
45. Sugar can increase your risk of gout.82
46. Sugar can increase your systolic blood pressure.49
47. Sugar can interfere with your absorption of protein.52
48. Sugar can lead to alcoholism.30
49. Sugar can lead to dizziness.88
50. Sugar can lower your Vitamin E levels.48
51. Sugar can make your skin age by changing the structure of collagen.61
52. Sugar can make your tendons more brittle.76
53. Sugar can produce a significant rise in total cholesterol, triglycerides and bad cholesterol and a decrease in good cholesterol.9,10,11,12
54. Sugar can reduce the learning capacity, adversely affect school children's grades and cause learning disorders.78,79
55. Sugar can slow down the ability of your adrenal glands to function.101
56. Sugar can suppress your immune system and impair your defenses against infectious disease.1,2
57. Sugar can weaken eyesight.23
58. Sugar can worsen the symptoms of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).99
59. Sugar causes a loss of tissue elasticity and function.13
60. Sugar causes food allergies.53
61. Sugar causes high blood pressure in obese people.106
62. Sugar contributes to obesity.34
63. Sugar dehydrates newborns.110
64. Sugar feeds cancer cells and has been connected with the development of cancer of the breast, ovaries, prostate, rectum, pancreas, biliary tract, lung, gallbladder and stomach.14,15,16,17,18,19,20
65. Sugar given to premature babies can affect the amount of carbon dioxide they produce.95
66. Sugar greatly assists the uncontrolled growth of Candida Albicans (yeast infections)38
67. Sugar has the potential of inducing abnormal metabolic processes in a normal healthy individual and to promote chronic degenerative diseases.102
68. Sugar increases your risk of polio.104
69. Sugar intake is higher in people with Parkinson's disease.67
70. Sugar is an addictive substance.93
71. Sugar is enemy #1 of your bowel movement.74
72. Sugar lowers the ability of enzymes to function.66
73. Sugar may induce cell death.108
74. Sugar upsets the mineral relationships in your body: causes chromium and copper deficiencies and interferes with absorption of calcium and magnesium. 3,4,5,6
75. The rapid absorption of sugar promotes excessive food intake in obese subjects.98
76. Your body changes sugar into 2 to 5 times more fat in the bloodstream than it does starch.97
References
1. Sanchez, A., et al. Role of Sugars in Human Neutrophilic Phagocytosis, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Nov 1973;261:1180_1184. Bernstein, J., al. Depression of Lymphocyte Transformation Following Oral Glucose Ingestion. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.1997;30:613
2. Ringsdorf, W., Cheraskin, E. and Ramsay R. Sucrose, Neutrophilic Phagocytosis and Resistance to Disease, Dental Survey. 1976;52(12):46_48.
3. Couzy, F., et al. "Nutritional Implications of the Interaction Minerals," Progressive Food and Nutrition Science 17;1933:65-87
4. Kozlovsky, A., et al. Effects of Diets High in Simple Sugars on Urinary Chromium Losses. Metabolism. June 1986;35:515_518.
5. Fields, M.., et al. Effect of Copper Deficiency on Metabolism and Mortality in Rats Fed Sucrose or Starch Diets, Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1983;113:1335_1345.
6. Lemann, J. Evidence that Glucose Ingestion Inhibits Net Renal Tubular Reabsorption of Calcium and Magnesium. Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1976 ;70:236_245.
7. Goldman, J., et al. Behavioral Effects of Sucrose on Preschool Children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology.1986;14(4):565_577.
8. Jones, T. W., et al. Enhanced Adrenomedullary Response and Increased Susceptibility to Neuroglygopenia: Mechanisms Underlying the Adverse Effect of Sugar Ingestion in Children. Journal of Pediatrics. Feb 1995;126:171-7.
9. Scanto, S. and Yudkin, J. The Effect of Dietary Sucrose on Blood Lipids, Serum Insulin, Platelet Adhesiveness and Body Weight in Human Volunteers, Postgraduate Medicine Journal. 1969;45:602_607.
10. Albrink, M. and Ullrich I. H. Interaction of Dietary Sucrose and Fiber on Serum Lipids in Healthy Young Men Fed High Carbohydrate Diets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1986;43:419-428. Pamplona, R., et al. Mechanisms of Glycation in Atherogenesis. Med Hypotheses. Mar 1993;40(3):174-81.
11. Reiser, S. Effects of Dietary Sugars on Metabolic Risk Factors Associated with Heart Disease. Nutritional Health. 1985;203_216.
12. Lewis, G. F. and Steiner, G. Acute Effects of Insulin in the Control of Vldl Production in Humans. Implications for The insulin-resistant State. Diabetes Care. 1996 Apr;19(4):390-3 R. Pamplona, M. .J., et al. Mechanisms of Glycation in Atherogenesis. Medical Hypotheses. 1990;40:174-181.
13. Cerami, A., Vlassara, H., and Brownlee, M. "Glucose and Aging." Scientific American. May 1987:90. Lee, A. T. and Cerami, A. The Role of Glycation in Aging. Annals of the New York Academy of Science; 663:63-67.
14. Takahashi, E., Tohoku University School of Medicine, Wholistic Health Digest. October 1982:41:00
15. Quillin, Patrick, Cancer's Sweet Tooth, Nutrition Science News. Ap 2000 Rothkopf, M.. Nutrition. July/Aug 1990;6(4).
16. Michaud, D. Dietary Sugar, Glycemic Load, and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in a Prospective Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. Sep 4, 2002 ;94(17):1293-300.
17. Moerman, C. J., et al. Dietary Sugar Intake in the Etiology of Biliary Tract Cancer. International Journal of Epidemiology. Ap 1993.2(2):207-214.
18. The Edell Health Letter. Sept 1991;7:1.
19. De Stefani, E."Dietary Sugar and Lung Cancer: a Case control Study in Uruguay." Nutrition and Cancer. 1998;31(2):132_7.
20. Cornee, J., et al. A Case-control Study of Gastric Cancer and Nutritional Factors in Marseille, France. European Journal of Epidemiology 11 (1995):55-65.
21. Kelsay, J., et al. Diets High in Glucose or Sucrose and Young Women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1974;27:926_936. Thomas, B. J., et al. Relation of Habitual Diet to Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentration and the Insulin Response to Oral Glucose, Human Nutrition Clinical Nutrition. 1983; 36C(1):49_51.
22. Dufty, William. Sugar Blues. (New York:Warner Books, 1975).
23. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Mar 2002;48;25. Taub, H. Ed. Sugar Weakens Eyesight, VM NEWSLETTER;May 1986:06:00
24. Dufty.
25. Yudkin, J. Sweet and Dangerous.(New York:Bantam Books,1974) 129
26. Cornee, J., et al. A Case-control Study of Gastric Cancer and Nutritional Factors in Marseille, France, European Journal of Epidemiology. 1995;11
27. Persson P. G., Ahlbom, A., and Hellers, G. Epidemiology. 1992;3:47-52.
28. Jones, T. W., et al. Enhanced Adrenomedullary Response and Increased Susceptibility to Neuroglygopenia: Mechanisms Underlying the Adverse Effect of Sugar Ingestion in Children. Journal of Pediatrics. Feb 1995;126:171-7.
29. Lee, A. T.and Cerami A. The Role of Glycation in Aging. Annals of the New York Academy of Science.1992;663:63-70.
30. Abrahamson, E. and Peget, A. Body, Mind and Sugar. (New York: Avon, 1977.}
31. Glinsmann, W., Irausquin, H., and Youngmee, K. Evaluation of Health Aspects of Sugar Contained in Carbohydrate Sweeteners. F. D. A. Report of Sugars Task Force. 1986:39:00 Makinen K.K.,et al. A Descriptive Report of the Effects of a 16_month Xylitol Chewing_gum Programme Subsequent to a 40_month Sucrose Gum Programme. Caries Research. 1998; 32(2)107_12.
32. Glinsmann, W., Irausquin, H., and K. Youngmee. Evaluation of Health Aspects of Sugar Contained in Carbohydrate Sweeteners. F. D. A. Report of Sugars Task Force.1986;39:36_38.
33. Appleton, N. New York: Healthy Bones. Avery Penguin Putnam:1989.
34. Keen, H., et al. Nutrient Intake, Adiposity, and Diabetes. British Medical Journal. 1989; 1:00 655_658
35. Darlington, L., Ramsey, N. W. and Mansfield, J. R. Placebo Controlled, Blind Study of Dietary Manipulation Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lancet. Feb 1986;8475(1):236_238.
36. Powers, L. Sensitivity: You React to What You Eat. Los Angeles Times. (Feb. 12, 1985). Cheng, J., et al. Preliminary Clinical Study on the Correlation Between Allergic Rhinitis and Food Factors. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi Aug 2002;16(8):393-396.
37. Erlander, S. The Cause and Cure of Multiple Sclerosis, The Disease to End Disease." Mar 3, 1979;1(3):59_63.
38. Crook, W. J. The Yeast Connection. (TN:Professional Books, 1984).
39. Heaton, K. The Sweet Road to Gallstones. British Medical Journal. Apr 14, 1984; 288:00:00 1103_1104. Misciagna, G., et al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1999;69:120-126.
40. Cleave, T. The Saccharine Disease. (New Canaan, CT: Keats Publishing, 1974).
41. Ibid.
42. Cleave, T. and Campbell, G. (Bristol, England:Diabetes, Coronary Thrombosis and the Saccharine Disease: John Wright and Sons, 1960).
43. Behall, K. Influ ence of Estrogen Content of Oral Contraceptives and Consumption of Sucrose on Blood Parameters. Disease Abstracts International. 1982;431437.
44. Tjäderhane, L. and Larmas, M. A High Sucrose Diet Decreases the Mechanical Strength of Bones in Growing Rats. Journal of Nutrition. 1998:128:1807_1810.
45. Beck, Nielsen H., Pedersen O., and Schwartz S. Effects of Diet on the Cellular Insulin Binding and the Insulin Sensitivity in Young Healthy Subjects. Diabetes. 1978;15:289_296 .
46. Sucrose Induces Diabetes in Cat. Federal Protocol. 1974;6(97). diabetes
47. Reiser, S., et al. Effects of Sugars on Indices on Glucose Tolerance in Humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1986;43:151-159.
48. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Aug 2000
49. Hodges, R., and Rebello, T. Carbohydrates and Blood Pressure. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1983:98:838_841.
50. Behar, D., et al. Sugar Challenge Testing with Children Considered Behaviorally Sugar Reactive. Nutritional Behavior. 1984;1:277_288.
51. Furth, A. and Harding, J. Why Sugar Is Bad For You. New Scientist. Sep 23, 1989;44.
52. Simmons, J. Is The Sand of Time Sugar? LONGEVITY. June 1990:00:00 49_53.
53. Appleton, N. New York: LICK THE SUGAR HABIT. Avery Penguin Putnam:1988. allergies
54. Cleave, T. The Saccharine Disease: (New Canaan Ct: Keats Publishing, Inc., 1974).131.
55. Ibid. 132
56. Pamplona, R., et al. Mechanisms of Glycation in Atherogenesis. Medical Hypotheses . 1990:00:00 174_181.
57. Vaccaro O., Ruth, K. J. and Stamler J. Relationship of Postload Plasma Glucose to Mortality with 19 yr Follow up. Diabetes Care. Oct 15,1992;10:328_334. Tominaga, M., et al, Impaired Glucose Tolerance Is a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease, but Not Fasting Glucose. Diabetes Care. 1999:2(6):920-924.
58. Lee, A. T. and Cerami, A. Modifications of Proteins and Nucleic Acids by Reducing Sugars: Possible Role in Aging. Handbook of the Biology of Aging. (New York: Academic Press, 1990.).
59. Monnier, V. M. Nonenzymatic Glycosylation, the Maillard Reaction and the Aging Process. Journal of Gerontology 1990:45(4):105_110.
60. Cerami, A., Vlassara, H., and Brownlee, M. Glucose and Aging. Scientific American. May 1987:00:00 90
61. Dyer, D. G., et al. Accumulation of Maillard Reaction Products in Skin Collagen in Diabetes and Aging. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1993:93(6):421_22.
62. Veromann, S.et al."Dietary Sugar and Salt Represent Real Risk Factors for Cataract Development." Ophthalmologica. 2003 Jul-Aug;217(4):302-307.
63. Goulart, F. S. Are You Sugar Smart? American Fitness. March_April 1991:00:00 34_38. Milwakuee, WI
64. Monnier, V. M. Nonenzymatic Glycosylation, the Maillard Reaction and the Aging Process. Journal of Gerontology. 1990:45(4):105_110.
65. Ceriello, A. Oxidative Stress and Glycemic Regulation. Metabolism. Feb 2000;49(2 Suppl 1):27-29.
66. Appleton, Nancy. New York; Lick the Sugar Habit. Avery Penguin Putnam, 1988 enzymes
67. Hellenbrand, W. Diet and Parkinson's Disease. A Possible Role for the Past Intake of Specific Nutrients. Results from a Self-administered Food-frequency Questionnaire in a Case-control Study. Neurology. Sep 1996;47(3):644-650.
68. Goulart, F. S. Are You Sugar Smart? American Fitness. March_April 1991:00:00 34_38.
69. Ibid.
70. Yudkin, J., Kang, S. and Bruckdorfer, K. Effects of High Dietary Sugar. British Journal of Medicine. Nov 22, 1980;1396.
71. Blacklock, N. J., Sucrose and Idiopathic Renal Stone. Nutrition and Health. 1987;5(1-2):9- Curhan, G., et al. Beverage Use and Risk for Kidney Stones in Women. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1998:28:534-340.
72. Goulart, F. S. Are You Sugar Smart? American Fitness. March_April 1991:00:00 34_38. Milwakuee, WI,:
73. Ibid. fluid retention
74. Ibid. bowel movement
75. Ibid. compromise the lining of the capillaries
76. Nash, J. Health Contenders. Essence. Jan 1992; 23:00 79_81.
77. Grand, E. Food Allergies and Migraine.Lancet. 1979:1:955_959.
78. Schauss, A. Diet, Crime and Delinquency. (Berkley Ca; Parker House, 1981.)
79. Molteni, R, et al. A High-fat, Refined Sugar Diet Reduces Hippocampal Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neuronal Plasticity, and Learning. NeuroScience. 2002;112(4):803-814.
80. Christensen, L. The Role of Caffeine and Sugar in Depression. Nutrition Report. Mar 1991;9(3):17-24.
81. Ibid,44
82. Yudkin, J. Sweet and Dangerous.(New York:Bantam Books,1974) 129
83. Frey, J. Is There Sugar in the Alzheimer's Disease? Annales De Biologie Clinique. 2001; 59 (3):253-257.
84. Yudkin, J. Metabolic Changes Induced by Sugar in Relation to Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes. Nutrition and Health. 1987;5(1-2):5-8.
85. Yudkin, J and Eisa, O. Dietary Sucrose and Oestradiol Concentration in Young Men. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 1988:32(2):53-55.
86. The Edell Health Letter. Sept 1991;7:1.
87. Gardner, L. and Reiser, S. Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate on Fasting Levels of Human Growth Hormone and Cortisol. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1982;169:36_40.
88. Journal of Advanced Medicine. 1994;7(1):51-58.
89. Ceriello, A. Oxidative Stress and Glycemic Regulation. Metabolism. Feb 2000;49(2 Suppl 1):27-29.
90. Postgraduate Medicine.Sept 1969:45:602-07.
91. Lenders, C. M. Gestational Age and Infant Size at Birth Are Associated with Dietary Intake among Pregnant Adolescents. Journal of Nutrition. Jun 1997;1113- 1117
92. Ibid.
93. Sugar, White Flour Withdrawal Produces Chemical Response. The Addiction Letter. Jul 1992:04:00 Colantuoni, C., et al. Evidence That Intermittent, Excessive Sugar Intake Causes Endogenous Opioid Dependence. Obes Res. Jun 2002 ;10(6):478-488. Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Society, Toronto, June 17, 2001 www.mercola.com/2001/jun/30/sugar.htm
94. Ibid.
95. Sunehag, A. L., et al. Gluconeogenesis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition Diabetes. 1999 ;48 7991_800.
96. Christensen L., et al. Impact of A Dietary Change on Emotional Distress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology.1985;94(4):565_79.
97. Nutrition Health Review. Fall 85 changes sugar into fat faster than fat
98. Ludwig, D. S., et al. High Glycemic Index Foods, Overeating and Obesity. Pediatrics. March 1999;103(3):26-32.
99. Pediatrics Research. 1995;38(4):539-542. Berdonces, J. L. Attention Deficit and Infantile Hyperactivity. Rev Enferm. Jan 2001;4(1)11-4
100. Blacklock, N. J. Sucrose and Idiopathic Renal Stone. Nutrition Health. 1987;5(1 & 2):9-
101. Lechin, F., et al. Effects of an Oral Glucose Load on Plasma Neurotransmitters in Humans. Neurophychobiology. 1992;26(1-2):4-11.
102. Fields, M. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. Aug 1998;17(4):317_321.
103. Arieff, A. I. Veterans Administration Medical Center in San Francisco. San Jose Mercury; June 12/86. IVs of sugar water can cut off oxygen to the brain.
104. Sandler, Benjamin P. Diet Prevents Polio. Milwakuee, WI,:The Lee Foundation for for Nutritional Research, 1951
105. Murphy, Patricia. The Role of Sugar in Epileptic Seizures. Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients. May, 2001 Murphy Is Editor of Epilepsy Wellness Newsletter, 1462 West 5th Ave., Eugene, Oregon 97402
106. Stern, N. & Tuck, M. Pathogenesis of Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus, a Fundamental and Clinical Test. 2nd Edition, (PhiladelphiA; A:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000)943-957.
107. Christansen, D. Critical Care: Sugar Limit Saves Lives. Science News. June 30, 2001; 159:404.
108. Donnini, D. et al. Glucose May Induce Cell Death through a Free Radical-mediated Mechanism.Biochem Biohhys Res Commun. Feb 15, 1996:219(2):412-417.
109. Schoenthaler, S. The Los Angeles Probation Department Diet-Behavior Program: Am Empirical Analysis of Six Institutional Settings. Int J Biosocial Res 5(2):88-89.
110. Gluconeogenesis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition. Diabetes. 1999 Apr;48(4):791-800.
111. Glinsmann, W., et al. Evaluation of Health Aspects of Sugar Contained in Carbohydrate Sweeteners." FDA Report of Sugars Task Force -1986 39 123 Yudkin, J. and Eisa, O. Dietary Sucrose and Oestradiol Concentration in Young Men. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 1988;32(2):53-5.
Thursday
Obviously when I was diagnosed as diabetic I looked at the foodstuffs I was throwing down my neck. I wasn't concerned about soft drinks as I only drank water or diet cola (various brands, decaf diet coke when I can afford it, otherwise supermarket brands,) and in the evening I would add a dash (!!) of rum to the diet cola.
Since then, having decided that I already had a low sugar, low salt and low fat diet, I haven't really revisited what I ingest. Until now. Something caught my eye about diet drinks and sugar substitutes, and what I read is quite scarey. Look at the following symptoms:
Quite a long list is it not. It seems (according to THIS website) to be linked to aspartme (nutrasweet) and a side effect of methane poisoning that can occur when aspartme is used as a sugar substitute. Again according to the website, this is what happens:
What a minefield! Perhaps I should just give up drinking liquids. (Have you seen what is in 'clean and safe' water? No? Perhaps you ought to ask your local University Chem labs to analyse it for you. You might just be very very very suprised, (just how many drug addicts bodies has a pint of water already passed through before it gets to you?)
Since then, having decided that I already had a low sugar, low salt and low fat diet, I haven't really revisited what I ingest. Until now. Something caught my eye about diet drinks and sugar substitutes, and what I read is quite scarey. Look at the following symptoms:
Abdominal Pain
Anxiety attacks
arthritis
asthma
Asthmatic Reactions
Bloating, Edema (Fluid Retention)
Blood Sugar Control Problems (Hypoglycemia or Hyperglycemia)
Brain Cancer (Pre-approval studies in animals)
Breathing difficulties
burning eyes or throat
Burning Urination
can't think straight
Chest Pains
chronic cough
Chronic Fatigue
Confusion
Death
Depression
Diarrhea
Dizziness
Excessive Thirst or Hunger
fatigue
feel unreal
flushing of face
Hair Loss (Baldness) or Thinning of Hair
Headaches/Migraines dizziness
Hearing Loss
Heart palpitations
Hives (Urticaria)
Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Impotency and Sexual Problems
inability to concentrate
Infection Susceptibility
Insomnia
Irritability
Itching
Joint Pains
laryngitis
"like thinking in a fog"
Marked Personality Changes
Memory loss
Menstrual Problems or Changes
Migraines and Severe Headaches (Trigger or Cause From Chronic Intake)
Muscle spasms
Nausea or Vomiting
Numbness or Tingling of Extremities
Other Allergic-Like Reactions
Panic Attacks
Phobias
poor memory
Rapid Heart Beat
Rashes
Seizures and Convulsions
Slurring of Speech
Swallowing Pain
Tachycardia
Tremors
Tinnitus
Vertigo
Vision Loss
Weight gain
Or have the following conditions become worse ??
Fibromyalgia
Arthritis
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Parkinson's Disease
Lupus
Multiple Chemical Sensitivities (MCS)
Diabetes and Diabetic Complications
Epilepsy
Alzheimer's Disease
Birth Defects
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Lymphoma
Lyme Disease
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)
Panic Disorder
Depression and other Psychological Disorders
Quite a long list is it not. It seems (according to THIS website) to be linked to aspartme (nutrasweet) and a side effect of methane poisoning that can occur when aspartme is used as a sugar substitute. Again according to the website, this is what happens:
How it happens:
Methanol, from aspartame, is released in the small intestine when the methyl group of aspartame encounters the enzyme chymotrypsin (Stegink 1984, page 143). Free methanol begins to form in liquid aspartame-containing products at temperatures above 86 degrees F.. also within the human body.
The methanol is then converted to formaldehyde. The formaldehyde converts to formic acid, ant sting poison. Toxic formic acid is used as an activator to strip epoxy and urethane coatings. Imagine what it does to your tissues!
Phenylalanine and aspartic acid, 90% of aspartame, are amino acids normally used in synthesis of protoplasm when supplied by the foods we eat. But when unaccompanied by other amino acids we use [there are 20], they are neurotoxic.
That is why a warning for Phenylketonurics is found on EQUAL and other aspartame products. Phenylketenurics are 2% of the population with extreme sensitivity to this chemical unless it's present in food. It gets you too, causing brain disorders and birth defects! Finally, the phenyalanine breaks down into DKP, a brain tumor agent.
In other words: Aspartame converts to dangerous byproducts that have no natural countermeasures. A dieter's empty stomach accelerates these conversions and amplifies the damage. Components of aspartame go straight to the brain, damage that causes headaches, mental confusion, seizures and faulty balance. Lab rats and other test animals died of brain tumors.
So I guess the case for much more research into Lo Han Gua fruit as a sugar substitute gains strength. Now all I have to do is weigh up the risks and see what drink to add my rum to, and especially if I can find a diet cola brand that does not use Aspartme, rumour has it that Sainsbury own brand diet cola uses an alternative to Aspartme called sucralose, a low-calorie sweetener made from sugar. Now, how would that affect my diabetes I wonder? Here is a wiki article on sucralose. And to be evenly balanced, here is a page about the 'dangers' of sucralose, apparently it is in the same chemical family as DDT.What a minefield! Perhaps I should just give up drinking liquids. (Have you seen what is in 'clean and safe' water? No? Perhaps you ought to ask your local University Chem labs to analyse it for you. You might just be very very very suprised, (just how many drug addicts bodies has a pint of water already passed through before it gets to you?)
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)